Blind channel estimation and data detection using hidden Markov models

In this correspondence, we propose applying the hidden Markov models (HMM) theory to the problem of blind channel estimation and data detection. The Baum–Welch (BW) algorithm, which is able to estimate all the parameters of the model, is enriched by introducing some linear constraints emerging from a linear FIR hypothesis on the channel. Additionally, a version of the algorithm that is suitable for timevarying channels is also presented. Performance is analyzed in a GSM environment using standard test channels and is found to be close to that obtained with a nonblind receiver.